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Organic Reactions


Organic Reaction 



Starting from organic chemistry basic reactions we have Alkenes and how to prepare them well I am going to show you some simple shortcuts to remember these things.


Decarboxylation of mono-carboxylic Acids:



Hope you got it.
NUST Entry test MCQ regarding this topic is given below



The answer is C , methanoic acid .

"Decarboxylation of Benzoic acid will yield Benzene"

Kolbe�s electrolysis method is a difficult one , you must remember the products it yield when a certain acid is give.
This will help you remembering which acid yield what!


Maleic acid and Fumaric acid must be remembered.

Now Kolbe�s electrolytic method explained , try to write this down on your note book and then solve please you will understand.

 

All these methods are used to prepare alkanes :)

Clemnnsesn and Wolf-kishners method is used to prepare Alkenes by Reduction.

Starting from Acids.



Acetic acid > Aldehyde > primary alcohol > Ethane 

You must remember this , very important asked many times in NET



Q: The Reduction of Aldehyde yield which type of alcohol the answer is P.Alcohol
Q: the reduction of ketones yields which type of alcohols well the answer is Secondary alcohol

Now getting to the alkenes production , just remember this shortcut.



Dehydrating agents
H2SO4 , P2O5 are dehydrating agents , mean de(remove) hydrate(water) so they remove water from alkenes forming alcohol. At different temperature they yield different alcohols. See book for that (IMPORTANT!!!)

Ozonolysis 

See the picture below



Polymerization , production of benzene conversion , all covered in same topic :)






most important from board point of view. Distinguish 1-butyne from 2-butyne.

Wurtz synthesis
This reaction is used to prepare symmetrical alkane. This was question of 2013 board exam convert ethane into methane and methane into ethane :) I hope you can do it too now.


Different reactions used for preparing alky halides;





H------O------H   -----------> HCl of left end SO2 in middle and HCl on right

Cl-----S-------Cl
||
O

Rest of reactions are same as above :)
that�s it from me :)

Entry # 8
By Mamoon Sharif

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